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2. Body of knowledge of General Architecture
The 15 knowledge areas in General Architecture are:
2.1 Architectural Design (ADG)
- 2.1.1 Foundations of Architectural Design
- 2.1.2 Visual and Plastic Arts Foundations
- 2.1.3 Design Process and Creative Methods
- 2.1.4 Performance-Driven Design
- 2.1.5 Human-Centered and Inclusive Design
- 2.1.6 Gender-Sensitive and Trauma-Informed Design
- 2.1.7 Computational and Generative Design
- 2.1.8 Tropical and Bioclimatic Design
- 2.1.9 Large-Scale and Complex Buildings
- 2.1.10 Design Research Methods
- 2.2.1 World Architecture: Antiquity to the Middle Ages
- 2.2.2 Evolution of Peruvian Architecture
- 2.2.3 Modernism and the International Style
- 2.2.4 Latin American Architectural Traditions
- 2.2.5 Contemporary Architecture and Global Trends
- 2.2.6 Architectural Theory and Criticism
- 2.2.7 Decolonial and Postcolonial Perspectives
- 2.2.8 Vernacular and Indigenous Architecture
- 2.2.9 Futures Studies and Speculative Architectures
- 2.3.1 Building Systems and Assemblies
- 2.3.2 Facade and Building Envelope Technology
- 2.3.3 Conventional Construction Materials
- 2.3.4 Biobased and Mycelium Materials
- 2.3.5 Circular and Recycled Materials
- 2.3.6 Smart and Responsive Materials
- 2.3.7 Digital Fabrication and CNC Manufacturing
- 2.3.8 Robotic and Automated Construction
- 2.4.1 Structural Principles and Mechanics
- 2.4.2 Vertical Load Path and Foundations
- 2.4.3 Residential and Vernacular Structural Systems
- 2.4.4 Lateral Load-Resisting Systems
- 2.4.5 Long-Span and Special Structures
- 2.4.6 Structural Morphology and Form-Finding
- 2.4.7 Computational Structural Analysis
- 2.4.8 Foundation and Geotechnical Considerations
- 2.4.9 Seismic Design for Architecture
- 2.4.10 AI-Assisted Structural Optimization
- 2.5.1 Daylighting and Visual Comfort
- 2.5.2 Thermal Comfort and Passive Systems
- 2.5.3 Natural Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality
- 2.5.4 Mechanical Systems (HVAC)
- 2.5.5 Building Automation and Smart Systems
- 2.5.6 Acoustics and Noise Control
- 2.5.7 Energy Efficiency and Net-Zero Design
- 2.5.8 Water, Sanitation, and Waste Systems
- 2.5.9 Regenerative and Circular Design
- 2.5.10 Climate Resilience and Adaptation
- 2.6.1 Urban Form and Morphology
- 2.6.2 Historical Urban Planning Theories
- 2.6.3 Contemporary Planning Methods and Theory
- 2.6.4 Urban Design at Multiple Scales
- 2.6.5 Housing and Residential Environments
- 2.6.6 Informal Settlements and Incremental Urbanization
- 2.6.7 Urban Data Science and GeoAI
- 2.6.8 Smart Cities and Urban Digital Twins
- 2.6.9 Landscape and Open Space Design
- 2.6.10 Social Equity and Inclusive Urbanism
- 2.7.1 Architecture as a Profession
- 2.7.2 Project Delivery Methods and Contracts
- 2.7.3 Project Management and Construction Economics
- 2.7.4 Collaborative and Interdisciplinary Practice
- 2.7.5 Ethics, Decolonial Practice, and Social Responsibility
- 2.7.6 Business of Architecture and Entrepreneurship
- 2.7.7 Future of the Profession: AI and New Roles
- 2.8.1 Orthographic Drawing and Conventions
- 2.8.2 Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD)
- 2.8.3 Graphic Symbols and Drafting Conventions
- 2.8.4 Three-Dimensional Modeling
- 2.8.5 Architectural Communication and Presentation
- 2.8.6 Parametric Design and Visual Programming
- 2.8.7 Simulation and Performance Analysis
- 2.8.8 Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality (XR)
- 2.8.9 Generative AI for Architectural Design
- 2.8.10 Digital Fabrication Output and CNC Toolpaths
- 2.9.1 Interior Space Planning and Programming
- 2.9.2 Materials, Finishes, and Specifications
- 2.9.3 Furniture, Equipment, and Ergonomics
- 2.9.4 Lighting Design
- 2.9.5 Acoustics in Interior Spaces
- 2.9.6 Universal Design and Accessibility
- 2.9.7 Healthcare and Specialized Interiors
- 2.9.8 Sustainable Interior Design
- 2.10.1 Theory and Philosophy of Conservation
- 2.10.2 Historic Documentation and Digital Survey
- 2.10.3 Structural Assessment of Historic Buildings
- 2.10.4 Restoration and Consolidation Techniques
- 2.10.5 Adaptive Reuse and Building Transformation
- 2.10.6 Landscape and Urban Heritage
- 2.10.7 Intangible Heritage and Living Traditions
- 2.11.1 Landscape Design Principles and Process
- 2.11.2 Plants, Ecology, and Ecosystem Services
- 2.11.3 Landform, Hydrology, and Grading
- 2.11.4 Landscape Materials and Construction
- 2.11.5 Urban Landscape and Green Infrastructure
- 2.11.6 Climate-Responsive Landscape Design
- 2.11.7 Ecological Restoration and Nature-Based Solutions
- 2.11.8 Landscape at Regional and Territorial Scale
- 2.12.1 Real Estate Market Analysis
- 2.12.2 Development Process and Feasibility
- 2.12.3 Construction Cost Estimation
- 2.12.4 Project Finance and Investment
- 2.12.5 Housing Policy and Affordable Development
- 2.12.6 Circular Economy and Adaptive Reuse Economics
- 2.12.7 Stakeholder and Participatory Development
- 2.12.8 PropTech and Digital Real Estate Innovation
- 2.13.1 Research Design and Methodologies
- 2.13.2 Quantitative Methods in Architectural Research
- 2.13.3 Qualitative and Ethnographic Methods
- 2.13.4 Evidence-Based Design
- 2.13.5 Neuroscience and Cognitive Approaches
- 2.13.6 AI and Machine Learning in Architectural Research
- 2.13.7 Speculative and Future-Oriented Research
- 2.13.8 IoT, Sensing, and Smart Building Research
- 2.13.9 Post-Occupancy Evaluation and Building Science
- 2.13.10 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review
- 2.13.11 Research Hypotheses and Variables
- 2.14.1 Building Codes, Accessibility, and Zoning
- 2.14.2 Peruvian Regulatory Framework for Architectural Practice
- 2.15.1 BIM Fundamentals and Authoring
- 2.15.2 Parametric Modeling and Visual Scripting for BIM
- 2.15.3 Multidisciplinary Model Coordination
- 2.15.4 4D BIM and Construction Scheduling
- 2.15.5 5D BIM and Cost Estimation
- 2.15.6 BIM for Structural and MEP Coordination
- 2.15.7 BIM for Sustainability Analysis
- 2.15.8 BIM for Facilities Management
- 2.15.9 BIM Execution Planning and Standards
- 2.15.10 Collaborative BIM Workflows
- 2.15.11 Heritage BIM (HBIM)
- 2.15.12 BIM for Infrastructure and Urban Modeling
- 2.15.13 AI-Assisted BIM Automation
- 2.15.14 BIM Standards, Policy, and Contracts