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2.2. Structural Analysis and Design (SAD)
This knowledge area encompasses the analysis and design of structural systems, from fundamental principles of equilibrium and structural behavior to advanced computational methods and design of various structural materials and systems.
2.2.1. SAD/Structural Analysis I (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Fundamental analysis of statically determinate structures including trusses, beams, and frames, along with influence line construction for moving loads.
Topics:
Core
- Equilibrium equations and free body diagrams for structural systems
- Reactions and internal forces in determinate beams and frames
- Truss analysis using method of joints and method of sections
- Shear force and bending moment diagrams
- Cables and arches under concentrated and distributed loads
- Influence lines for beams and trusses
- Moving load analysis and envelope diagrams
- Three-dimensional truss and frame analysis
- Compound structures and classification of structural forms
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Apply equilibrium equations to determine support reactions in determinate structures [Usage]
- Calculate internal forces and moments at any section of beams and frames [Assessment]
- Analyze planar trusses using both method of joints and method of sections [Usage]
- Construct shear force and bending moment diagrams for various loading conditions [Assessment]
- Determine internal forces in cables and arches under specified loads [Usage]
- Develop influence lines for reactions and internal forces in determinate structures [Assessment]
- Utilize influence lines to determine maximum effects from moving loads [Usage]
- Analyze three-dimensional structural systems and determine spatial force components [Assessment]
- Classify structures as determinate or indeterminate and identify stability conditions [Familiarity]
2.2.2. SAD/Energy Methods for Structural Analysis (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Fundamental energy principles for computing displacements and identifying the degree of indeterminacy in structural systems, forming the theoretical basis for the classical indeterminate analysis methods that follow.
Topics:
Core
- Indeterminacy and degree of freedom concepts
- Internal work of deformation and the principle of virtual work
- Castigliano's first theorem for the calculation of displacements
- Betti's and Maxwell's reciprocal theorems
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Identify the degree of indeterminacy for structural systems [Assessment]
- Apply the principle of virtual work to calculate internal deformation energy in structural systems [Usage]
- Apply Castigliano's first theorem to determine displacements in indeterminate structures [Usage]
- Verify the reciprocity of displacements and forces using Betti's and Maxwell's theorems [Assessment]
2.2.3. SAD/Force Method for Indeterminate Structures (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Classical force (flexibility) method for analyzing statically indeterminate beams, frames, and arches, using redundant forces and compatibility conditions derived from energy principles.
Topics:
Core
- Force method and flexibility approach for indeterminate structures
- Principle of minimum work (Castigliano's second theorem) for the calculation of redundants
- Analysis of statically indeterminate arches
- Influence lines for indeterminate structures using Mueller-Breslau principle
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Apply the force method to analyze indeterminate beams and frames [Usage]
- Apply the principle of minimum work to calculate redundant forces in the force method [Usage]
- Analyze statically indeterminate arches under combined loading [Assessment]
- Construct influence lines for indeterminate structures qualitatively [Usage]
2.2.4. SAD/Classical Displacement Methods (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Displacement-based classical methods for analyzing indeterminate beams and frames, providing the conceptual bridge to the matrix stiffness formulation covered next.
Topics:
Core
- Slope-deflection method for continuous beams and frames
- Moment distribution method
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Use slope-deflection equations to solve continuous beam and frame problems [Assessment]
- Perform moment distribution analysis for indeterminate structures [Usage]
2.2.5. SAD/Matrix Structural Analysis (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Topics:
Core
- Displacement method and stiffness approach
- Direct stiffness method and matrix formulation
- Coordinate transformations and assembly of global stiffness matrices
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Implement the displacement method for structural analysis [Assessment]
- Formulate structural problems using the direct stiffness method in matrix form [Usage]
- Assemble global stiffness matrices and solve for nodal displacements [Assessment]
2.2.6. SAD/Seismology and Natural Hazards (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Fundamentals of seismology and plate tectonics, regional seismicity of Peru, and the typology and management of natural disaster risk, as a conceptual foundation for earthquake-resistant engineering.
Topics:
Core
- Plate tectonics and earthquake generation mechanisms through fault rupture
- Seismic waves: types (P, S, surface) and their propagation
- Magnitude (seismic moment) and intensity (Modified Mercalli) scales
- Historical seismicity and subduction tectonic context of Peru
- Typology of natural disasters: seismic, volcanic, tsunami, and mass movement
- Disaster risk management: prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and response (SINAGERD framework)
- Seismological instrumentation: seismographs, accelerographs, and national monitoring networks
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Explain plate tectonics and earthquake generation mechanisms through fault rupture [Familiarity]
- Differentiate types of seismic waves and their effects on buildings [Usage]
- Interpret and distinguish between earthquake magnitude and intensity scales [Usage]
- Describe the historical seismicity and subduction context of Peru [Familiarity]
- Classify the main types of natural disasters affecting Peruvian territory [Familiarity]
- Analyze the disaster risk management framework for earthquake prevention and response [Assessment]
2.2.7. SAD/Seismic Design Code and Structural Configuration Criteria (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Structure and parameters of the Peruvian seismic design code (E.030), structural systems and their force reduction factor, and structural configuration and regularity criteria for earthquake-resistant building design.
Topics:
Core
- Scope and structure of the Peruvian seismic design code E.030
- Seismic hazard parameters: seismic zonation (Z), usage factor (U), and soil profile (S)
- Structural systems and seismic force reduction coefficient (R)
- Plan structural irregularities: torsional irregularity, re-entrant corners, and diaphragm discontinuity
- Vertical structural irregularities: soft story, weak story, and mass irregularity
- Structuring principles: symmetry, redundancy, hyperstaticity, and continuity
- Minimum base shear and inter-story drift limits
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Explain the scope and structure of the Peruvian seismic design code E.030 [Familiarity]
- Determine the seismic hazard parameters (Z, U, S) applicable to a given site [Usage]
- Select the structural system and corresponding reduction coefficient R [Usage]
- Classify the plan and vertical structural irregularities of a building [Assessment]
- Apply structuring principles to propose a regular structural configuration [Usage]
- Verify the minimum base shear and inter-story drift limits [Assessment]
2.2.8. SAD/Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Dynamic behavior of structures under time-varying loads, vibration analysis, earthquake ground motion characterization, and seismic design principles.
Topics:
Core
- Single-degree-of-freedom systems and free vibration
- Forced vibration and harmonic excitation
- Damping models and energy dissipation mechanisms
- Response spectrum analysis
- Earthquake ground motion characteristics and seismicity
- Multi-degree-of-freedom systems and modal analysis
- Time-history analysis and numerical integration methods
- Seismic design philosophy and capacity design principles
- Base isolation and energy dissipation devices
- Performance-based seismic design methodology
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Analyze free vibration of single-degree-of-freedom systems and determine natural frequencies [Assessment]
- Calculate structural response to harmonic and periodic loads [Usage]
- Explain the role of damping in reducing dynamic response [Familiarity]
- Apply response spectrum method for seismic analysis [Usage]
- Interpret earthquake ground motion parameters and seismic hazard maps [Familiarity]
- Perform modal analysis for multi-degree-of-freedom systems [Assessment]
- Conduct time-history analysis using numerical integration techniques [Usage]
- Design structures following capacity design and ductile detailing principles [Assessment]
- Evaluate the effectiveness of base isolation and damping systems [Familiarity]
- Implement performance-based seismic design procedures [Assessment]
2.2.9. SAD/Building Structural Analysis and Modeling Practicum (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Practical application of the stiffness method and seismic response-spectrum analysis to the software-based modeling and evaluation of real building structural systems, with presentation and discussion of results.
Topics:
Core
- Overview of case-study buildings: geometry, structural systems, and load paths
- Development of plane frame and truss models of real buildings using stiffness-method-based structural analysis software
- Application of static and seismic response-spectrum analysis to representative building case studies
- Presentation and peer discussion of structural analysis results and their design implications
- Definition of geometry, materials, sections, and boundary conditions for a three-dimensional building model in commercial structural analysis software (ETABS, Midas Gen)
- Assignment of gravity, seismic, and wind loads and their combinations to a three-dimensional building model
- Static and dynamic (modal) analysis of building models and interpretation of results, including story drifts, member forces, and vibration periods
- Verification of software-generated results against simplified hand calculations and code checks
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Model real building structural systems for stiffness-method-based static and seismic analysis using structural analysis software [Usage]
- Interpret and validate computer-generated analysis results against expected structural behavior [Assessment]
- Present and defend structural analysis results and their design implications to peers [Usage]
- Assign gravity, seismic, and wind loads and load combinations to a three-dimensional building model in commercial structural analysis software [Usage]
- Interpret dynamic analysis results, including story drifts, member forces, and vibration periods [Assessment]
- Verify software-generated results against simplified hand calculations [Assessment]
2.2.10. SAD/Reinforced Concrete Design (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Design of reinforced concrete members for flexure, shear, compression, and serviceability following limit state design philosophy.
Topics:
Core
- Design philosophy and limit state methodology for concrete structures
- Flexural design of rectangular and T-beams
- Shear and torsion design of concrete members
- Compression members and column design
- Slab design including one-way and two-way systems
- Development length and splicing of reinforcement
- Deflection control and serviceability requirements for concrete beams and slabs
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Explain limit state design philosophy and load factor combinations [Familiarity]
- Design reinforced concrete beams for flexure and check serviceability [Assessment]
- Calculate shear and torsional reinforcement requirements [Usage]
- Proportion columns for axial load and biaxial bending [Assessment]
- Design one-way and two-way slab systems with appropriate reinforcement [Usage]
- Determine development lengths and design lap splices for reinforcing bars [Assessment]
- Control deflections and verify serviceability requirements through adequate member sizing and reinforcement [Usage]
2.2.11. SAD/Design of Reinforced Concrete Stairs (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Design of supported and cantilevered reinforced concrete staircases, including geometry of flights and landings, load distribution, and reinforcement detailing.
Topics:
Core
- Geometry of stair flights, landings, and waist slabs
- Load distribution and effective span for simply supported staircases
- Load distribution and effective span for cantilevered staircases
- Reinforcement detailing for stair flights, landings, and supports
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Design a supported reinforced concrete staircase for gravity loads [Assessment]
- Design a cantilevered reinforced concrete staircase for gravity loads [Assessment]
- Detail reinforcement for stair flights, landings, and supports [Usage]
2.2.12. SAD/Seismic Detailing of Reinforced Concrete (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Beam-column joints, design of special structural walls, and special seismic detailing provisions for ductile reinforced concrete moment frames.
Topics:
Core
- Beam-column joints and moment-resisting frame connections
- Seismic detailing and ductile design of concrete structures
- Design of special reinforced concrete structural walls (shear walls) for seismic lateral force resistance
- Special seismic detailing provisions for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Detail beam-column joints for moment transfer and shear resistance [Assessment]
- Implement seismic detailing requirements for ductile concrete frames [Assessment]
- Design special reinforced concrete structural walls for combined axial, flexural, and shear demands under seismic loading [Assessment]
- Apply special seismic detailing provisions to reinforced concrete moment frame members and beam-column joints [Usage]
2.2.13. SAD/Prestressed Concrete Analysis (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Prestressing principles, elastic analysis of stresses under service loads, composite sections, and immediate and time-dependent prestress losses.
Topics:
Core
- Prestressed concrete principles and pre-tensioning methods
- Elastic analysis of stresses in prestressed concrete sections under service loads
- Composite prestressed concrete sections: precast members with cast-in-place topping
- Immediate and time-dependent losses of prestress
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Apply prestressing principles to design pre-tensioned members [Usage]
- Analyze stresses in prestressed concrete sections under service loads using elastic theory [Usage]
- Design composite prestressed concrete sections combining precast members and cast-in-place concrete [Assessment]
- Calculate immediate and time-dependent losses of prestress [Usage]
2.2.14. SAD/Prestressed Concrete Design (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Post-tensioned system design and tendon layout, deflection control, ultimate-limit-state flexural, shear, and torsion strength, and analysis of statically indeterminate prestressed structures.
Topics:
Core
- Post-tensioned concrete systems and tendon design
- Deflection control and serviceability requirements
- Flexural strength of prestressed concrete members at ultimate limit state
- Shear and torsion design of prestressed concrete members
- Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures, including secondary moments
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Design post-tensioned slabs and beams including tendon layout [Assessment]
- Control deflections through appropriate member sizing and reinforcement [Usage]
- Design prestressed concrete members for flexural strength at the ultimate limit state [Assessment]
- Design prestressed concrete members for shear and torsion strength [Assessment]
- Analyze statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures, including secondary moments [Assessment]
2.2.15. SAD/Integrated Structural Design Project (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Progressive development of a reinforced concrete structural design project integrating slabs, structural walls, and foundations, coordinating design decisions with architectural and geotechnical constraints, and culminating in technical design documentation.
Topics:
Core
- Progressive design exercise integrating slab, structural wall, and foundation design for a multi-story reinforced concrete building
- Coordination of structural design decisions with the architectural and geotechnical constraints of the project
- Structural design documentation, including calculation memoranda and design drawings
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Develop a progressive, integrated structural design for a reinforced concrete building incorporating slabs, structural walls, and foundations [Assessment]
- Apply course content cumulatively to solve realistic, open-ended design problems under code and site constraints [Assessment]
- Prepare structural calculation documentation communicating design decisions [Usage]
2.2.16. SAD/Design of Steel Members in Tension and Compression (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Design of structural steel members subjected to pure axial tension and compression, including net area and block shear considerations and column buckling, using limit states design (LRFD/ASD).
Topics:
Core
- Tension member design and effective area considerations
- Compression member design and column buckling
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Design tension members considering net area and block shear [Assessment]
- Select appropriate column sections and check buckling capacity [Usage]
2.2.17. SAD/Design of Steel Members in Flexure (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Flexural design of steel beams, including lateral-torsional buckling, combined axial force and bending moment interaction (beam-columns), and plate girders with stiffeners.
Topics:
Core
- Flexural design of beams and lateral-torsional buckling
- Combined axial force and bending interaction
- Plate girders and web design
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Proportion steel beams considering both local and lateral-torsional buckling [Assessment]
- Evaluate beam-columns using interaction equations [Usage]
- Design plate girders with consideration of web buckling and stiffeners [Assessment]
2.2.18. SAD/Steel Connections and Composite Systems (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Design of bolted and welded steel connections, composite beams, seismic moment frames, and braced frame systems.
Topics:
Core
- Bolted connections design and failure modes
- Welded connections and design considerations
- Composite beams and shear connectors
- Moment-resisting frames and seismic provisions for steel structures
- Braced frames and concentrically braced frame design
- Connection design for special moment frames and prequalified connections
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Design bolted connections for shear, tension, and combined loading [Assessment]
- Specify welded connections and determine weld sizes [Usage]
- Analyze composite beams and design shear stud connectors [Usage]
- Design moment-resisting frames for seismic and wind loads [Assessment]
- Proportion bracing members and connections in braced frame systems [Usage]
- Detail prequalified moment connections according to seismic provisions [Assessment]
2.2.19. SAD/Design Process for Low-Rise Buildings (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Design process for a low-rise building, from site and soil recognition and identification of the applicable regulatory framework, through selection of a structural system in masonry, adobe, or timber and its integration with the architectural layout of the project.
Topics:
Core
- Site and soil recognition, project requirements, and applicable regulatory framework (E.030, E.070, E.080, E.010)
- Criteria for selecting a structural system among masonry, adobe, and timber based on site conditions, materials availability, and seismic hazard
- Integration of the structural design with the architectural layout of a building project
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Describe the design process of a low-rise building, identifying site conditions and the applicable Peruvian regulatory framework [Familiarity]
- Select an appropriate structural system for a building project based on site conditions, materials, and seismic hazard [Usage]
- Formulate the scope and requirements of a building project that integrates masonry, adobe, or timber systems [Assessment]
2.2.20. SAD/Masonry Structural Design (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Design principles for unreinforced and reinforced masonry, including materials, detailing, and seismic provisions.
Topics:
Core
- Masonry materials, units, and mortar properties
- Unreinforced masonry wall design for compression and flexure
- Reinforced masonry design and detailing
- Seismic design of masonry and timber structures
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Identify masonry unit types and specify appropriate mortar for applications [Familiarity]
- Design unreinforced masonry walls for gravity and lateral loads [Assessment]
- Proportion reinforced masonry elements and specify reinforcement details [Usage]
- Implement seismic design provisions for masonry and timber buildings [Usage]
2.2.21. SAD/Timber and Light-Gauge Steel Framing Design (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Properties and design of sawn lumber, glued-laminated timber, and engineered wood elements and their connections, along with cold-formed steel members and light-gauge steel framing systems.
Topics:
Core
- Timber properties, grading, and design values
- Sawn lumber and glued-laminated timber design
- Timber connections including nails, bolts, and metal connectors
- Cold-formed steel members and sectional properties
- Light-gauge steel framing systems and design
- Engineered wood products including I-joists and structural composite lumber
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Select timber species and grades based on structural requirements [Familiarity]
- Design timber beams, columns, and combined loading members [Assessment]
- Specify timber connections and calculate their capacity [Usage]
- Calculate effective section properties for cold-formed steel members [Assessment]
- Design light-gauge steel wall studs and floor joists [Usage]
- Apply engineered wood products in floor and roof systems [Assessment]
2.2.22. SAD/Adobe Structural Design (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Adobe as a structural material: mechanical properties, wall design for gravity loads per Standard E.080, and seismic reinforcement techniques.
Topics:
Core
- Adobe as a structural material: mechanical properties and seismic behavior
- Adobe wall design for gravity loads and verification of thickness and slenderness per Standard E.080
- Seismic reinforcement techniques for adobe construction: meshes, geomeshes, and horizontal and vertical reinforcement
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Characterize the mechanical properties of adobe and its seismic behavior [Familiarity]
- Design adobe walls according to the thickness, slenderness, and geometric requirements of Standard E.080 [Assessment]
- Specify seismic reinforcement techniques for new and existing adobe buildings [Usage]
2.2.23. SAD/Bridge Superstructure Design (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Types, loads, and design of bridge superstructures including concrete slab, steel girder, prestressed concrete, box girder, and truss systems.
Topics:
Core
- Bridge types, components, and structural systems
- Load models and load combinations for bridge design
- Concrete slab bridges and T-beam bridge design
- Steel girder bridges and composite bridge deck design
- Prestressed concrete girder bridges
- Box girder and curved bridge analysis
- Truss bridge design considerations for members under combined flexure and axial force
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Classify bridge types and select appropriate systems for given site conditions [Familiarity]
- Apply AASHTO load models and determine critical load combinations [Usage]
- Design reinforced concrete slab bridges and T-beam superstructures [Assessment]
- Proportion steel girders and design composite deck systems [Assessment]
- Analyze and design prestressed concrete girder bridges [Assessment]
- Model box girder bridges and analyze curved alignment effects [Usage]
- Design truss bridge members subject to combined flexo-tension and flexo-compression [Usage]
2.2.24. SAD/Bridge Substructure, Evaluation, and Special Systems (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Design of bridge substructures, cable-supported bridges, bridge evaluation, load rating, and seismic design.
Topics:
Core
- Substructure design including abutments and piers
- Cable-stayed and suspension bridge concepts
- Bearings, expansion joints, and bridge deck details
- Bridge load rating and evaluation procedures
- Seismic design of bridges and isolation systems
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Design bridge abutments and piers for vertical and lateral loads [Usage]
- Explain the structural behavior of cable-supported bridge systems [Familiarity]
- Select and design bridge bearings and expansion joint systems [Assessment]
- Perform load rating analysis for existing bridges [Usage]
- Implement seismic design criteria for bridge structures [Assessment]
2.2.25. SAD/Finite Element Methods in Structural Engineering (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Fundamental theory and application of finite element analysis for structural problems including element formulation, modeling techniques, and result interpretation.
Topics:
Core
- Fundamentals of finite element theory and discretization
- Element types including truss, beam, and frame elements
- Stiffness matrix formulation and assembly
- Plane stress and plane strain elements
- Modeling techniques, boundary conditions, and mesh refinement
- Shell and plate elements
- Solid elements and three-dimensional analysis
- Nonlinear analysis including material and geometric nonlinearity
- Dynamic analysis using finite element methods
- Verification, validation, and error estimation in FEA
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Explain the fundamental principles and assumptions of finite element analysis [Familiarity]
- Formulate element stiffness matrices for basic element types [Usage]
- Assemble global stiffness matrices and apply boundary conditions [Assessment]
- Apply plane stress and plane strain elements to two-dimensional problems [Usage]
- Develop appropriate finite element models with proper mesh density [Assessment]
- Utilize shell and plate elements for thin-walled structure analysis [Usage]
- Model complex three-dimensional structures using solid elements [Assessment]
- Perform nonlinear finite element analysis for material and geometric effects [Usage]
- Conduct dynamic finite element analysis including modal and time-history analysis [Assessment]
- Validate finite element results and estimate discretization errors [Assessment]
2.2.26. SAD/Nature and Characterization of Loads on Existing Infrastructure (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Characterization of the permanent, live, environmental, and deterioration-induced loads and load histories acting on existing civil infrastructure, as a basis for structural condition assessment and rehabilitation.
Topics:
Core
- Permanent (dead) and live load characterization for existing structures
- Environmental loads: wind, thermal, and differential settlement effects on infrastructure
- Deterioration-induced load effects: corrosion, creep, shrinkage, and fatigue
- Load history reconstruction and service load estimation for existing structures
- Overload and abnormal load events: impact, blast, and accidental actions
- Load combinations for structural assessment and rehabilitation design
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Characterize the permanent and live loads applicable to existing civil infrastructure [Familiarity]
- Determine environmental load effects, including wind, thermal, and differential settlement, on existing structures [Usage]
- Identify deterioration-induced load effects such as corrosion, creep, shrinkage, and fatigue [Assessment]
- Reconstruct the load history and estimate in-service loads for an existing structure [Usage]
- Recognize overload and abnormal load events relevant to infrastructure assessment [Familiarity]
- Establish load combinations appropriate for structural assessment and rehabilitation design [Assessment]
2.2.27. SAD/Nonlinear Behavior of Structures (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Material and geometric nonlinear behavior of structural components and systems, including hysteretic response, plastic hinge modeling, nonlinear static analysis, and displacement-based assessment methods used to evaluate the performance of existing structures.
Topics:
Core
- Material nonlinearity: stress-strain behavior of concrete and reinforcing steel beyond yield
- Geometric nonlinearity and P-delta effects in structural response
- Hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation of structural components under cyclic loading
- Plastic hinge formation, hinge length, and moment-curvature relationships
- Nonlinear static (pushover) analysis and capacity curve development
- Displacement ductility and curvature ductility demand
- Performance levels and acceptance criteria for structural and nonstructural components
- Displacement-based assessment methods for existing structures
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Explain the material and geometric sources of nonlinear structural behavior [Familiarity]
- Determine moment-curvature relationships and plastic hinge properties for structural members [Usage]
- Perform nonlinear static (pushover) analysis to develop a structure's capacity curve [Usage]
- Calculate displacement and curvature ductility demands for structural components [Assessment]
- Evaluate structural and nonstructural performance levels against acceptance criteria [Assessment]
- Apply displacement-based methods to assess the seismic performance of existing structures [Usage]
2.2.28. SAD/Structural Rehabilitation, Strengthening, and Retrofit (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Assessment, strengthening, and retrofit techniques for existing structures including seismic upgrade, structural health evaluation, and repair methodologies.
Topics:
Core
- Condition assessment and structural evaluation procedures
- Load rating and capacity evaluation of existing structures
- Concrete repair materials and techniques
- Strengthening techniques using external reinforcement
- FRP strengthening systems for flexure and shear
- Seismic retrofit strategies for buildings and bridges
- Steel jacketing and external post-tensioning
- Masonry rehabilitation and historic structure preservation
- Performance-based assessment and retrofit design
- Nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Conduct comprehensive condition assessments of existing structures [Assessment]
- Evaluate load-carrying capacity of existing structural members [Usage]
- Select appropriate concrete repair materials and application methods [Familiarity]
- Design strengthening interventions using conventional techniques [Assessment]
- Apply FRP systems for flexural and shear strengthening of concrete members [Usage]
- Develop seismic retrofit strategies for deficient structures [Assessment]
- Implement steel jacketing and external post-tensioning systems [Usage]
- Rehabilitate masonry structures while preserving historic character [Assessment]
- Perform performance-based assessment and design retrofit interventions [Usage]
- Utilize nondestructive testing and monitoring technologies for damage assessment [Familiarity]
2.2.29. SAD/Industrial Structures: Chimneys and Tanks (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top
Seismic analysis and reinforced concrete design of special/industrial civil engineering structures – free-standing chimneys and liquid-storage tanks – including dynamic idealization, seismic force and pressure distribution, hydrodynamic effects on liquid-containing structures, and detailing according to ACI 307 and ACI 350.3.
Topics:
Core
- Dynamic idealization of a free-standing chimney as an equivalent cantilever stick model
- Seismic force and overturning moment distribution along the height of a chimney per ACI 307
- Flexural and shear design of reinforced concrete chimney shell sections under seismic loading
- Seismic reinforcement detailing for chimney shells, openings, and construction joints
- Housner's impulsive-convective two-mass model for the hydrodynamic seismic response of liquid-storage tanks
- Impulsive and convective (sloshing) hydrodynamic pressure distribution on tank walls and base per ACI 350.3
- Design of reinforced concrete tank walls and base slab for seismic-induced hydrodynamic pressures
- Sloshing wave height, freeboard requirements, and anchorage design for storage tanks
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Explain the dynamic idealization of a free-standing chimney as an equivalent cantilever stick model for seismic analysis [Familiarity]
- Determine the seismic force and overturning moment distribution along the height of a reinforced concrete chimney [Usage]
- Design the reinforced concrete shell section of a chimney for flexure and shear under seismic loading [Assessment]
- Detail seismic reinforcement for chimney shells, openings, and construction joints [Usage]
- Explain Housner's impulsive-convective mass model for the hydrodynamic seismic response of liquid-storage tanks [Familiarity]
- Determine impulsive and convective hydrodynamic pressure distributions on tank walls and base [Usage]
- Design reinforced concrete tank walls and base slab for seismic-induced hydrodynamic pressures [Assessment]
- Calculate sloshing wave height and freeboard requirements, and design anchorage for a storage tank [Usage]
2.2.30. SAD/Advanced Structural Analysis ↑ Back to top
Topics:
Core
- Plastic analysis and limit load design
- Second-order effects and geometric nonlinearity
Learning Outcomes:
Core:
- Determine collapse loads using plastic analysis methods [Assessment]
- Evaluate the significance of second-order effects in structural analysis [Familiarity]