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4.19. Descriptive Statistics and Data Analysis (DSC)

This knowledge area covers methods for summarizing, visualizing, and exploring data. It includes numerical and graphical summaries, exploratory data analysis, data quality assessment, and communication of statistical findings.

Knowledge Area (KA)	Core Tier1	Core Tier2
4.19.1 Numerical Summaries: Location, Spread, and Shape	1	1

4.19.1. DSC/Numerical Summaries: Location, Spread, and Shape  (Core Tier1: 1 hr, Core Tier2: 1 hr) ↑ Back to top

Measures of central tendency, dispersion, and distributional shape. Includes robust alternatives and the interpretation of numerical summaries in context.
Topics:
Core

• Measures of location: mean, median, mode, trimmed mean, and weighted mean
• Measures of spread: variance, standard deviation, IQR, MAD, and range
• Measures of shape: skewness and kurtosis; quantiles and percentiles
• Robust summary statistics: resistance to outliers and heavy-tailed distributions

Learning Outcomes:
Core:

1. Calculate and interpret measures of location, spread, and shape for a univariate dataset [Usage]
2. Select appropriate summary statistics based on the distributional properties of the data [Usage]
3. Compare classical and robust summary statistics and justify the choice for a given dataset [Assessment]